Pavement



5.1. IIIIOII'IIISON.

PAVEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED IAN. 15,1916.

Patented Mar. 30, 1920.

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PAVEMENT.

speeicauon of Letters Patent. Patented Mar. 30, 1920.

Application led January 15, 1916. Serial No. 72,212.

T0 all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWIN J. MORRISON, a citizen of the United States,residing in the city of Yonkers, in the county of Westchester and Stateof N ew York, have invented an Improvement in Pavements, 0f which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in pavements and moreparticularly to nnprovements in block pavements formed of malleableblocks such as are commonly made from crushed stone and asphaltic cementor the like.

Such malleable paving blocks are ordinarily relatively small, rarelyexceeding five inches in width, and in any case are of a size which canbe readily handled and laid as units of a sectional pavement.

Pavements of this class necessarily present large numbers of jointsbetween the blocks, and it is impossible to avoid some space betweenadjacent rows of blocks. vBecause of these joints and the malleablenature of the block composition there commonly develops a tendency ofeach block being relatively small to move in the direction of traine,thus dislodging the 4pavement from its proper position on the roadfoundation. If each block could only move the smallV fraction of an inchwhich separates it from its neighbor no harm would result but inpractice the creepingv is cumulative so that substantial and deleteriouscreeping' may take place;

It is the purpose of this invention to overcome'y or mitigate thisdeleterious creeping and I preferablyl perform this by providing a blockhaving anchor means partially embedded therein and partially projectingfrom the bottom of the block to engage the bed on which the block islaid. I have found in practice that for ordinary traffic sufficientanchorage.l is provided by distributing the anchor blocks among theother or smooth bottomed blocks, either individually or in suitablegroups. The percentage of anchor blocks may of course be varied to suitvarying conditions of traffic, grade, and the like, each such block,when laid, tending to avoid deleterious action arising from creepingofindividual blocks or groups of blocks.

The invention is -capable of various embodiments of which one has beenselected for purposes of illustration and explanation, and to whichreference will be hereinafter made.V This particularV embodiment of theinvention is shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein-v- Figure 1 isa perspective view of a paving block illustrating one embodiment of theinvention Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of the block shownin Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a cross section of a portion of a roadway showing the pavingblock of Fig. 1 laid upon the road foundation; and

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic plan view of a roadway showing possiblearrangements of anchor blocks with the usual paving blocks. Referring tothe drawings, a paving block l, shown as of the compressed asphalt type,is provided with a suitable bed anchoring means, herein shown as a metalstrip 2 embedded in the material of the block and extending downwardlyfrom the under side 3 of the block to be adapted to be impressed intoand engaged by the foundation of a roadway. Means may be provided toinsure a more positive engagement of the anchor member in the block byproviding for a positive gripping of the anchor member by the materialofthe block. In this instance, the said means are herein shown as a seriesof holes 5 and 5 in the metal strip which, when the strip is forced intothe block when it is in a semi-plastic condition, will be filled bv thematerial of the block and thus positively lock the anchor therein.

In order to provide a maximum resistance to .forces tending to move theblock upon the road foundation, this anchor member may be ofapproximately oblong shape asherein shown. Transverse bracing means maybe provided for the anchor to obviate any tendency of the anchor whenunder strain to vturn over or pull out of the block or out of the roadfoundation and. bv transverselv bracim; the block and distributing theweight of the load sustained bv the block uniformly over a considerablearea of the anchor member, the possibility of splitting the block may beminimized; In the present instance, this may be accomplished bv thegenerally oblong shape of the anchor means whose looped ends provide forthe transverse bracing and the distribution of weight. Fur-` thermore,it is believed-'that an embodiment of the invention approximating instructure the particular anchoring means herein shown may be preferable,due to the fact that it is concealed from sight when-'the block may beplaced in a pavement is laid and that its use does'not break thecontinuity of the road surface.

To provide for a possible unequal relative expansion and contraction ofthe metal of this particular anchoringl member and the block, under theaction of the varying temperatures to which the anchor bloclr issubjected in manufacture and use, means herein shown as an opening t inone end of the looped anchor member may be provided.

To provide a protective coating for the metal member and to provide ameans which will form an adhesive to cause the anchor member to adheremore firmly to the block after it has been pressed therein, the anchormember may be coated with an asphaltic or other suitable solution in theform of paint or otherwise. In the event that this coating is to actmerely as a protective coatingfto prevent rust, it may be applied afterthe member has been attached'to the block.

lAs a convenient mode of manufacturing theV blocks of Figs. l and 2,which are herein termed anchor blocks, the usual asphalt mold,preferably before it has thoroughly cooled and hardened, and the moldmay then be tightened about the block to prevent distortion thereofduring the succeeding operations. The

p able means.

looped metal strip, which comprises the anchor member in this particularinstance, may be placed in an appropriate slot formed in the pressurehead of a suitable press and may be held therein by the resiliency ofthe metal causing the two sides of the anchor member to spring apart, orby other suit- When the pressure head is brought down upon the asphaltbloclgthe metal strip may be readily'forced into and set therein.Y y

The usual practice in building' a roadway which is Yto be constructedwith a relatively yielding wearing surface such as compressed asphaltblocks, is to provide a foundation having a heavy base 7 which may be ofany desired material such as concrete and which may have a mortar' bed 8thereon. This mortar bed is. preferably laid after thc base 7 has beenallowed to set or harden, if a concrete base is used. The paving blocksmay then, if a mortar bed is used, be laid while the same is still inthe plastic condition, and the anchor blocks may be placed Vthereon inthe manner shown in Fig. 3. In this instance, it will appear that themetal strip bed anchor 2 will, as the block is laid, be impressed intothe surface layer 8 of the foundation and, upon the hardening of thissurfacelayer, apositive connection will thus be formed between the blockand the foundation and any objectionable lateral movement of the blockupon the foundation will thereby be effectively prevented.

In laying the anchor blocks upon the plastic surface material of thebase, it may be found desirable to provide a meansl to allow for theescape of air which might possibly be trapped within the anchor member,and also to provide for the drainage of any excess water from the mortarbed. Such means are herein provided by the opening il and the severalholes formed in the sheet metal anchor member. In the event that theanchor member is of the generally oblong shape herein shown, and in theabsence of such openings as are provided, air might possibly be trappedwithin the anchoring means if the block were not laid with great care.-If air should be so trapped Ain the space formed within the anchoringmeans and have no opportunity for escape, the material of mortar bedSimightbe forced down to such. an extent that an imperfect engagement ofthe anchoring member therewith might result. 'Moreoven this would leavethevcenter offthe block practically unsupported. With the constructionherein shown, any trappedv air or any excess water is allowed to escapeand the anchor block will then be firmly seated upon the base while theplastic.` material of the base will be permitted to close around theanchorinoi means and to secure the-block firmly to the base.

In order to secure aV pavement made up of a plurality of paving blocksfrom objectionable movement upon the road foundation and to preventcreeping thereof, it may not be necessary to provide every paving' blockwith the anchoring means herein described. For purposes of economy, theanchor blocls may be laid throughout the Apavement 1n rows' extendingVpartially or entirely across the roadway or they may be interspersedthroughout the pavement at irregular intervals, andl it is believed thata Vdistinct advantage may Vresult therefrom in that the pavementmay-thereby be made more yielding and adaptable to the varyingconditions vof hard usage lwhilel the anchor blocks so used are stillsufficient to prevent the Volojectionable creeping of the pavementherein noted. Possible arrangements of anchor blocks in a completedpavement are shown in Fig.v 4, wherein the anchor blocks aredistinguished from the ordinary blocks by the representation in dottedlines-of the anchoring means shown Vin Fig. 1. y

In laying compressedfasphalt blocks, the practice sometimes adopted isVto lay the blocks over a substantial area and then drive the blockstogether laterally upon the road bed to tighten joints therebetween.lThis having been done, a row or rows of-ordinary blocks may be removedand anchor blocks inserted in place thereof, and these anchor blocks,when the plastic sub-surface of the road has hardened, may besufHciently effective to hold the entire pavement in place and toprevent the ObjGCQ-eable Creepanchor blocks.

ing above noted. The frequency oflocation 1 to intersperse the anchorblocks at-rregular v Vintervals throughout the pavement at the pointswhere the greatest tendency to creep would develop. Such an arrangementis shown in Fig. i of the drawings, and it is believed that such anarrangement may be found preferablel in allowing a slight relativemovement of the respective ysections of the roadway which carry theheaviest oppositely moving traic. y

As stated abovea invention is to provide an-` anti-'slipping surface fora pavement, and in the particular embodiment of the invention hereindescribed suitable means are provided -for this purpose and are hereinshown as a metal strip member set edgewise in the paving block andadapted to projectr slightly above the normal wearing surface thereof.For

similar reasons as in the case of the anchor member, this anti-slippingmember may be of generally oblong shape similar to that of the anchormember herein described, and two such members 10-are shown set in thepaving block of Figs. 1f and 2Q The antislipping members may blocks inthe same manner as the bed anchor member, as above described.

Means may be provided to cause the antislipping members to be engaged bythe material ofthe block to insure a more positive gripping of theanti-slipping ,member by the materialv of the block.v Such means areherein shown as a series of holes 11 which, when the anti-slippingmember isV impressed into the block when it is in a somewhat plasticcondition, will be firmly engaged by the material of the block andsecurely lock the anti-slipping member therein.

These anti-slipping members may find their most general use in theconstruction of roadways having relatively steep grades where it isdesired to provide a purchase for draft animals or more positiveengagement for the wheels ofmotor vehicles.4 A combination ofanti-slipping means in the surface of a block and bed anchoring meansupon the underside of the block may be especially adapted for use insuch instances because the tendency to dislodge the blocks are hereinreferred to,

be pressed into the from -their proper relation to the roadwayfoundation may be relatively `greater 'than upon substantially levelroadways.

Means may be provided in the anti-slipping member for the drainage ofwater and other .accumulations therefrom the Vsame being herein shown asa slot 12 formed in the end of the `looped anti-slipping member hereinshown.

1n forming a completed pavement having the anti-slipping means hereindescribed, the anti-slipping members may be set into the pavement atmore or less frequent intervals `as requiredv and this may beaccomplished .in the present instance by .interspersing throughout thepavement, blocks provided with anti-slipping members with ordinarysmooth surfaced blocks.

If pre- Y ferred or necessary every block may be provided with saidanti-slipping means, depending upon the conditions present at eachinstance of usey of the invention.

From the foregoing description, it will be readily lunderstood that thepresent invention provides a simple and eflicient means furtherl ob]ectof the,V

for overcoming thetendency'to creep which develops under heavyy traffic,more particularly upon roads having such pavements as and further thatthis invention provides an efective anti-slipping lmeans for ythewearing surface of pavements.

lThis invention may vbe variously embodied or modified within thescopeof the subjoined claims.

I claim as my invention: 1. As a new article of manufacture,a pavingblock complete for handling and. laying as a unit. theV same` comprisinga malleable vvbody. with a .block-reinforcing and blockpositioninganchor embedded in one face thereof and projecting therefrom forengagement when laid with the block-supporting bed thereby to avoiddeleterious cumulative creeping of individual blocks when laid. i

'2. As a new article of manufacture, a paving block complete forhandling and laying asa unit, the-same comprising a malleable body witha block-positioning anchor partially embedded in one face thereof andproiecting therefrom for engagement whenv laid with the block-supportingbed thereby to avoid deleterious cumulative creeping of individualblocks when laid.

3. As a new -article 0f manufacture, a paving block complete forhandling and laying as a unit` the same comprising a malleable body witha, block-positioning anchor partially embedded in one face thereof andproliecting therefrom for engagement when. laid with theblock-supporting bed, said bed anchor providing extended surfaceslongitudinally of the block for opposing movement thereof on its bed inthe direction of the width ofthe block thereby to avoid deleteriouscumulative creeping of individual blocks when laid.

4. As a new article of manufacture, a pav.

, separation of said anchor from said body.

5. A malleable paving block provided prior to laying with a bed anchorprojecting from its lower surface, said bed anchor' being formedV of asingle strip of metal bent to provide a discontinuous loop elongatedvlengthwise of the block thereby to avoid deleterious cumulative creepingof individual blocks when laid.

6. The method of combating the creeping of bituminous Vpaving blocks ontheir foundations, which comprises distributing among the blocks as laida plurality of Y anchor blocks having anchoring means projecting fromtheir lower surfaces intoV the upper surface of the foundation materialbelow the blocks thereby to avoid deleterious cumulative creeping of'individual K blocks when laid.

7. The method of combating' the creeping of bituminous paving blocks ontheir foundations, which Vcomprises distributing among the blocks aslaid a plurality of Vanchor blocks having anchoring means partiallyembedded in the block and projecting from their lower surfaces into theupper surface of the foundation material below the'blocks therebytoavoidrdeleterious` cumulative creeping of individual vblocks when laid.

8. A pavement comprising a bed surfaced i with a plurality of malleablepaving blocks, some of said blocks having smooth bottoms anchors formedvby metallic strips partially embedded in the blocks and partially inthe bed, said blocks with bed anchors combating Y bodily movement onsaid bedA of any sub-l stantial areaof said pavement. .v f Y 9. Apavement comprising a'bed surfaced with a plurality of malleable pavingblocks, said blocks of greater length than width, the body of said'pavement laid with the length of the 'blocks extending transversely ofthe pavement, the edge ofsaid lpavement* laid with the length oftheblocks extending longitudinally of the pavement, theblocks forming theedgeof said pavement provided with Vbed anchors formed by'metallicstripsV kand others of said blocks provided .with bed partially embeddedin the blocks and par-Y Y i tially in the bed, saidblocks vwithnbedan- Ychors forming a lateral abutment orriush curb to 'opposelateraldisplacementof the Y blocks in the body of said pavement.

10. A` pavementl comprising a bed sur-V faced with'a plurality ofmalleable paving blocks, some of said blocks having smooth bottoms, andisolated blocks, or groups of said blocks provided with bed anchors par-Y tially embedded in the blocks and partially in the bed, said blockswith bed anchors' restraining bodily movement on said bed 0f anysubstantial area of said pavement. Y

In testimony whereof I have signed my V name to this specification this4thirteenth day of January, 19176. v

i -EDWIN J. MORRISON. ,Y

